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Number Conversion Guides

Learn how base conversion actually works - the hand methods, worked examples, and the code that does it for you.

How to Convert Decimal to Hexadecimal

Learn how to convert decimal to hexadecimal by hand with the division method, worked examples, and code in JavaScript, Python, and C.

How to Convert Hexadecimal to Decimal

Learn how to convert hexadecimal to decimal by hand using positional values, with a worked example and code in JavaScript, Python, and C.

How to Convert Decimal to Binary

Learn how to convert decimal to binary by hand with repeated division by 2 or the powers-of-two method, plus code in JavaScript, Python, and C.

How to Convert Binary to Decimal

Learn how to convert binary to decimal by hand using positional values and doubling, with a worked example and code in JavaScript, Python, and C.

How Two's Complement Works

Understand two's complement: how computers store negative numbers, why it works, overflow ranges per bit width, and gotchas in JavaScript, Python, and C.

UUID v4 vs UUID v7

UUID v4 is random; UUID v7 is time-sortable and index-friendly. Learn how each works, why v7 is the new default for database keys, and when v4 still wins.

KB vs KiB: 1000 or 1024 Bytes?

KB is 1000 bytes; KiB is 1024. Learn why the two standards exist, why your 500 GB drive shows 465 GiB, and when to use decimal vs binary units.